Abstract
Introduction
Overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age are global health issues linked to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. In Cambodia, rates of overweight and obesity are rising, yet their impact on maternal health remains under-investigated. This study examines the relationship between early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and maternal complications.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the National Maternal and Child Health Center in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Medical records from 400 pregnant women attending their first antenatal visit within 12 weeks of gestation were analyzed. BMI was calculated and categorized according to World Health Organization standards. Maternal complications, including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and postpartum hemorrhage, were assessed alongside sociodemographic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes.
Results
The study found that 21% of the women were overweight or obese. These groups had significantly higher numbers of pregnancies and children (p = 0.002 and p = 0.030, respectively). Overweight and obese women had significantly higher frequencies of cesarean sections (66.7%) compared to underweight and normal weight women (p < 0.001) and a higher proportion of preeclampsia. Birth weights were higher in the overweight group (p = 0.033).
Conclusion
Overweight and obesity in early pregnancy are associated with increased risks of cesarean sections and maternal complications, including preeclampsia. These findings underscore the importance of implementing effective weight management strategies during antenatal care to mitigate these risks and improve maternal health. Enhanced data collection during antenatal visits is crucial to guide future research.