Abstract
Introduction
Conjunctivitis (pink eye) is a highly contagious eye condition that presents major public health challenges, particularly in communal environments such as schools, workplaces, and healthcare settings, where it can lead to widespread outbreaks. These outbreaks strain healthcare systems and reduce productivity. In Cambodia, where access to healthcare is limited, especially in rural areas, outbreaks are worsened by poor hygiene, overcrowded living conditions, and low public awareness. Understanding the characteristics and risk factors associated with conjunctivitis is crucial for managing and preventing future outbreaks. This study aimed to examine the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for conjunctivitis among patients at the Eyecare Unit of Prey Veng Provincial Hospital in 2023.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using routine data collected by the Eyecare Unit at Prey Veng Provincial Hospital from January to September 2023. A total of 281 patients seeking eye care services at the OPD consultation were included. Stata V15.1 SE was used in this data analysis. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were performed via the chi-square test to identify factors associated with conjunctivitis.
Results
The mean age of the patients was 45.5 years (SD = 18.8). Half of them were men, of whom 178 (63.4%) were diagnosed with conjunctivitis. More than one-fifth of the eye patients (22.5%) had moderate impairment, whereas 14.0% had severe impairment. The most common symptoms included redness, itching, and swelling (43.3%), followed by redness, watery eyes, and pain (30.9%); and blurred vision, eye burning, and dry eyes (20.2%). Only 5.6% reported foreign body sensation and severe itching. Most comorbidities included hypertension (13.2%), anemia (8.2%), and diabetes (4.6%). The study revealed significant associations with age, gender, education, and occupation. Conjunctivitis was most prevalent in children (77.8%), adolescents (86.4%) and elderly patients (31.8%). Females were more affected than males were (69.9% vs. 56.5%, p = 0.02). The highest prevalence was observed in individuals with no formal education (90.0%) and factory workers (93.1%), followed by students (83.9%).
Conclusion
Conjunctivitis was common (63.4%) among eye patients seeking eye care services at Prey Veng Provincial Hospital, with common symptoms of redness, itching, swelling and watery eyes. Hypertension, anemia, and diabetes were notable comorbidities. Younger ages, female sex, and a low education level were linked to increased susceptibility to conjunctivitis. Public health efforts should focus on hygiene education related to health among women, children and those with low education levels. Comprehensive evaluations of coexisting conditions are also recommended to improve ocular health.